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Kainantu Mine

PAPUA
NEW GUINEA

K92 Mining is focused on operating and expanding the Kainantu Gold Mine, located in Eastern Highlands province, Papua New Guinea. Since acquiring the project from Barrick Gold in 2014 and restarting in late-2016, K92 has transformed Kainantu into a rapidly expanding both producer and mineral resources. Production has also been low cost, which is a testament to the high grade, continuity, solid thickness, geotechnical and metallurgical characteristics of the deposit. The transformation was driven by a series of near-mine infrastructure exploration discoveries.

In May 2017, a near-mine infrastructure discovery of Kora North was made. This discovery ultimately combined the Kora, Eutompi and Kora North deposits into what is now known as the Kora deposit. In February 2022, following extensive underground drilling focused on upgrading Inferred resources to Measured & Indicated, K92 announced its updated Kora Resource of 2.1 moz at 9.2 g/t AuEq (7.7 g/t Au, 18 g/t Ag, 0.9% Cu) Measured and Indicated and 2.5 moz at 9.5 g/t AuEq (7.1 g/t Au, 27 g/t Ag, 1.4% Cu) Inferred. In addition, a maiden Judd Resource was announced just over a year after the discovery of high-grade underground mineralization in Q4 of 2020. The Judd main resource currently stands at 0.13 moz at 11.0 g/t AuEq (9.7 g/t Au, 18 g/t Ag, 0.7% Cu) Measured and Indicated and 0.18 moz at 5.7 g/t AuEq (4.2 g/t Au, 11 g/t Ag, 0.9% Cu) Inferred. In December 2023 K92 Mining announced yet another resource update for the Kora and Judd deposits which was achieved over a period of less than two years and at a discovery cost of less than US$7.5  per ounce gold equivalent. The combined Kora and Judd Measured and Indicated resource increased +13%, net of depletion, to 8.1 million tonnes at 10.00 g/t AuEq (7.8 g/t Au, 21 g/t Ag, 1.2% Cu) for 2.6 million ounces AuEq, and the Inferred resource increased +70%, net of depletion, to 16.5 million tonnes at 8.48 g/t AuEq (5.7 g/t Au, 27 g/t Ag, 1.5% Cu) for 4.5 million ounces AuEq.

Operations are undertaking multiple stages of expansion, with Stage 2 Expansion run-rate achieved in late-2021, Stage 2A Expansion completed in May 2023 to increase throughput by +50% to +600,000 tpa (upgraded from 500,000 tpa), Stage 3 Expansion construction is complete and commissioning is nearly complete with throughput increasing to 1.2 mtpa, and a Stage 4 Expansion scheduled for commissioning in the second half of 2027 bringing throughput to 1.8 mtpa. As outlined in the October 2024 updated Stage 3 Expansion DFS study, Stage 3 is expected to achieve Tier 1 production (+300 koz gold equivalent per annum run-rate, $665/oz (net of by-products) or $920/oz (co-product) life of mine average all-in sustaining costs with significant upside potential). The Stage 4 Expansion forecasts a +400 koz gold equivalent per annum production through low-capex upgrades to the Stage 3 Plant, with the Stage 2A Plant remaining available to support the next phase of expansion(1).

Exploration is self-funded and remains a major focus, with up to 12 drill rigs operating across multiple targets. At the Arakompa high-grade vein system, one of our highest-priority targets, up to five rigs are currently drilling the +1.7km mineralized corridor. Two new surface diamond drill rigs are also scheduled to arrive in Q1-2026, supporting our goal of releasing a maiden resource estimate by the first half of 2026. 

Kainantu has a large ~830km2 land package in the land of large Tier 1 Gold Assets. The property hosts many highly prospective vein field and porphyry targets. Multiple targets are being drill tested concurrently.

Note (1): Refer to the technical report titled “Independent Technical Report, Kainantu Gold Mine, Updated Definitive Feasibility Study, Kainantu Project, Papua New Guinea”, with an effective date of January 1, 2024.

Kainantu Achievements and Milestones

Oct 2025

Stage 3 Process Plant Complete and Delivered Under Budget

Oct 2024

Updated Kainantu Definitive Feasibility Study (Stage 3 and Stage 4 Expansions)

Feb 2024

Significant Maiden Drilling Results From Arakompa

Dec 2023

Kora and Judd Resource Update – 2.6 Moz AuEq M&I, 4.5 Moz AuEq Inferred

May 2023

600ktpa, Stage 2A Expansion Achieved

Dec 2022

Extension to Mining Lease 150 to June 2034

Sept 2022

Kainantu Definitive Feasibility Study (Stage 3 and Stage 4 Expansions)

Feb 2022

Kora Resource Update and Maiden Judd Resource - 2.3 Moz AuEq M&I, 2.6 Moz AuEq Inferred

Oct 2021

500ktpa, Stage 2A Expansion Announced

Sep 2021

400ktpa, Stage 2 Expansion Achieved

Sep 2020

Stage 2 Expansion Commissioned

July 2020

1mtpa, Stage 3 Expansion PEA

May 2020

Resource Update - 1.3 Moz AuEq Measured & Indicated, 3.9 Moz AuEq Inferred

Mar 2019

400ktpa, Stage 2 Expansion Announced

Jan 2018

Commercial Production Declared

May 2017

Kora North Discovery

Oct 2016

Stage 1 Production Restart - 200ktpa

STAGE 3 DFS EXPANSION SUMMARY(1)

MINE LIFE & MATERIAL MOVEMENTS Stage 3 DFS 
Mine Life 7 Years
Throughput 1.2 mtpa
Total Ore Mined 6.2 mt
LOM AVERAGE GRADES
Gold Grade 6.7 g/t
Copper Grade 1.0%
Silver Grade 19 g/t
AuEq Grade 8.5 g/t
AVERAGE RECOVERIES
Gold Recovery 93%
Copper Recovery 94%
ANNUAL PRODUCTION (AuEq)
Stage 3 Run-Rate 303 koz
LOM Avg 223 koz
Peak 319 koz
COSTINGS
Expansion Capex $194M
Sustaining Capex $337M
Avg Unit Costs $145/t
LOM Avg Cash Cost
(co-product)
$694/oz
LOM Avg Cash Cost
(net of by-product)
$380/oz
 
LOM Avg AISC
(co-product)
$920/oz
LOM Avg AISC
(net of by-product)
$665/oz
 

Note (1): Refer to the technical report titled “Independent Technical Report, Kainantu Gold Mine, Updated Definitive Feasibility Study, Kainantu Project, Papua New Guinea”, with an effective date of January 1, 2024.

AuEQ Production & Outlook

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Regional Geology

The Kainantu property is located within the New Guinea Thrust Belt, close to its northern contact with the Finisterre Terrane. The contact is marked by the northwest trending Ramu-Markham Fault, a major suture zone that marks the northern margin of the Australian Craton. The New Guinea Thrust Belt records an early Miocene or older ductile, tight folding event that was followed by middle Miocene intrusions. Late Miocene regional scale low-angle thrust faulting followed, associated with the collision of the Finisterre Terrane. The belt is characterised by a number of north-northeast trending fault zones that commonly host major ore deposits.

Kainantu Geology

The Kainantu area is underlain by greenschist to amphibolite facies metamorphic rocks of the Early Miocene Bena Bena Formation, which are unconformably overlain by the Miocene age Omaura Formation consisting of volcano-sedimentary units and limestone lenses. The overlying Yaveufa Formation comprises basaltic and andesitic flows, agglomerates, volcanoclastic sandstone and limestone. The mid-Miocene Akuna Intrusive Complex consists of multiple phases ranging from olivine gabbros, dolerites, hornblende gabbros and biotite diorites to granodiorites. Late Miocene age Elandora Porphyry intrusions and breccias are associated with mineralization and occur within proximity to a major north-northeast trending transfer structure. Mineralization on the property includes Au, Ag and Cu occurring in low sulphidation epithermal Au-telluride veins, Au-Cu-Ag sulphide veins of Intrusion Related Gold Copper (“IRGC”) affinity, less explored porphyry Cu-Au systems and alluvial gold.

Kainantu Vein Field

Within and surrounding Mining Lease 150 (“ML 150”) is an epithermal vein field consisting of multiple known and highly prospective vein systems: Kora, Irumafimpa, Karempe, Judd, Kora South, Judd South, Mati, Maniape and Arakompa. Mining is focused on the Kora vein system, consisting of two dominant veins and the Judd vein system consisting of four known veins with one vein being mined. There are multiple near-mine infrastructure targets, within the Kora-Kora South, Judd-Judd South and Karempe vein systems.

Location & Infrastructure

The Kainantu Gold Mine is located in the Eastern Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea, approximately 180 km west-northwest of Lae. The mine is serviced by a sealed road from Lae to within 8 km of the site, nearby Gusap Airstrip in the Ramu Valley, and also has grid power from the nearby Yonki Dam hydro-electric scheme, with full on-site power generation on standby. The underground mine is located on Mining Lease 150 (“ML 150”); while the Process Plant, Offices, Workshops, Stores, Camp and Tailing Storage Facility are located on a Lease for Mining Purposes 78 (“LMP 78”).

 

Mining

The underground workings are accessed via a 2,500-metre, 5 m × 5 m incline from a portal at the 840 mRL level. Mining is focused on the Kora and Judd deposits, utilizing long-hole open stoping with Avoca and Modified Avoca methods, transitioning to long-hole stoping with pastefill in Q1 2026 following completion of the pastefill plant. The mining fleet is fully mechanized, utilizing twin- and single-boom jumbos, 1300–1700 class LHDs, and 20–45 tonne trucks. Material is hauled approximately 6 km from the portal to the process plant. The twin incline is now fully complete, forming the backbone of the Stage 3 Expansion mine plan by providing a high-capacity haulage route and supporting efficient material movement between sublevels and the surface. The mining methods and underground infrastructure support strong operational flexibility and continued development across both the Kora and Judd systems.

Processing

The Stage 3 Process Plant is a standalone 1.2 Mtpa facility adjacent to the existing plant. The flowsheet incorporates single-stage crushing, a SAB milling circuit (SAG and ball mill) and a conventional flotation circuit to produce a gold-copper-silver concentrate, which is shipped in ~20-tonne containers from Lae to international smelters, with an optimized gravity circuit producing doré. Run-of-mine material is trucked ~6 km from the 800 Portal to the process plant before stockpiling or direct crushing. Tailings management is upgraded through the addition of a pastefill plant, with thickened tailings dewatered and trucked underground, significantly reducing surface tailings requirements and improving underground support. Construction is complete and final commissioning of the Stage 3 Process Plant is near completion, with the existing 600 ktpa plant scheduled for care and maintenance following full ramp-up. The TSF remains a downstream design, located downstream from the process plant.

Resources and Reserves

  Tonnes Gold Silver Copper Gold EQ.
mt g/t moz g/t moz % kt g/t moz
KORA  (January/2024) Proven 2.95 7.4 0.70 19 1.9 1.1 31 9.4 0.89
  Probable 2.52 5.7 0.46 19 1.6 1.0 26 7.6 0.61
JUDD  (January/2024) Proven 0.24 8.3 0.06 17 0.1 0.6 1 9.4 0.07
  Probable 0.47 6.5 0.10 13 0.2 0.5 2 7.5 0.11
Consolidated Total Proven 3.19 7.5 0.77 19 2.0 1.0 33 9.4 0.96
  Total Probable 2.99 5.8 0.56 18 1.8 1.0 28 7.6 0.73
  Total Proven & Probable        6.18 6.7 1.32 19 3.7 1.0 61 8.5 1.69
 
  Tonnes Gold Silver Copper Gold EQ.
mt g/t moz g/t moz % kt g/t moz
KORA  (September/2023) Measured & Indicated 6.9 7.9 1.8 21 4.7 1.3 86 10.2 2.3
  Inferred 14.3 5.6 2.6 29 13.2 1.6 231 8.6 3.9
JUDD  (September/2023) Measured & Indicated 1.2 7.2 0.29 17 0.7 0.8 9 8.7 0.35
  Inferred 2.3 6.3 0.45 16 1.1 0.8 17 7.7 0.56
Consolidated Total Measured & Indicated 8.1 7.8 2.0 21 5.3 1.2 96 10.0 2.6
  Total Inferred 16.5 5.7 3.0 27 14.3 1.5 248 8.5 4.5
  • Kainantu Resource and Reserve Disclosures

    Kora and Judd Reserve Disclosure

    • The long-term metal prices used for calculating the financial analysis is US$1,900/oz gold, US$4.50/lb copper, US$25/oz silver.
    • Gold Equivalents are calculated as AuEq = Au g/t + Cu % *1.62406 + Ag g/t*0.01316. Metal payabilities and recoveries are not incorporated into this formula.
    • A minimum mining width of 3.0 m has been applied for stoping, inclusive of a 1.0 m dilution skin.
    • In addition to the 1.0 m dilution skin, additional dilution of 5% has been added for Avoca mined stopes and 2.5% for long hole stoping with pastefill. Where a stope is within 5.0m proximity of the HW or FW of the fault gouge, an additional 1.0m of dilution was added at a grade averaging 1.42g/t AuEq. This results in a total average dilution of 27.8%.
    • Mining recoveries of 90% have been applied to Avoca mined stopes, and 95% for long hole stoping with pastefill.
    • A cut-off grade of 3.5 g/t AuEq was used to define stoping blocks. Stope shapes with uneconomic development were excluded. The cut-off grade takes into account site operating costs, G&A costs, sustaining capital costs and relevant processing and revenue inputs.
    • Measured Mineral Resources were used to report Proven Mineral Reserves.
    • Indicated Mineral Resources were used to report Probable Mineral Reserves.
    • Tonnage and grade estimates include dilution and recovery allowance.
    • The Mineral Reserves reported are not added to Mineral Resources.

    Kora and Judd Resource Disclosure

    • The Independent and Qualified Person responsible for the Mineral Resource estimate is Simon Tear, P.Geo. of H & S Consultants Pty. Ltd., Sydney, Australia, and the effective date of the estimate is September 12, 2023.
    • Mineral Resources are not Mineral Reserves and do not have demonstrated economic viability.
    • Geological interpretation has generated a series of narrow, sub-vertical vein structures based on delineated wireframes on 10m, 20m and 25m spaced cross sections. The design of the lode wireframes is based on a combination of logged geology, Au, Cu & Ag assay grades and locally on a nominal minimum mining width of 5.2m, all coupled with geological sense.
    • Resources were compiled at 3 g/t gold equivalent cut-off grades for Kora and Judd.
    • Density (t/m 3 ) was modelled using Ordinary Kriging on 2,778 sample measurements. Areas within the mineral wireframes where no density grades were interpolated had average default values inserted at appropriate levels.
    • Reported tonnage and grade figures are rounded from raw estimates to reflect the order of accuracy of the estimate.
    • Minor variations may occur during the addition of rounded numbers.
    • Estimations used metric units (metres, tonnes and g/t).
    • Gold equivalents are calculated as AuEq = Au g/t + Cu%*1.6481+ Ag g/t*0.0114. Gold price US$1,700/oz; Silver US$22.5/oz; Copper US$4.00/lb. Metal payabilities and recoveries are incorporated into the AuEq formula. Recoveries of 95% for copper and 80% for silver were used.

Maps & Figures

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